ISO9001-2015 employs the process approach which incorporates the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle and risk-based thinking.  This means the organization

a.   Determines required process inputs and expected outputs

b.   Assigns responsibilities and authorities for processes

c.   Identify risks and opportunities for processes and plans to address these

The four-step performance management process follows a similar methodology which includes

i.   developing a data-driven plan,

ii.   implementing (do) the plan,

iii.   checking and monitoring the plan through data collection,

iv.   act on the plan to ensure effectiveness and, if required, improve the plan by making adjustments to it based on the Review. 

 All four steps should be accompanied by regular stakeholder engagement and a continuous monitoring mechanism.  The four steps form a cyclical continuous improvement process that evolves with new capabilities and new challenges