Trade-Offs

In some instances, there is a trade-off within key performance areas and key performance indicators.  Focusing on the improvement of one area/ indicator can inevitably affect the performance of another area/ indicator.  An example is the implementation of ground delay program to mitigate demand-capacity imbalance.  While this can bring better airport throughput efficiency (KPI11) and less Airborne Holding (KPI05), it will inevitably cause an increase in departure delay on the surface (KPI02).  If there is persistently higher demand than capacity, a more sustainable solution would be to invest in airport infrastructure, which also reduces the trade-offs on other performance indicators. 

The project team can become very focused on the few identified KPIs for the project but the continuous monitoring of all indicators will provide insights into the trade-offs and unintended consequences.