For the horizontal trajectory of each flight, different parts (trajectory portions) are considered (see Figure 1 for the example of a flight departing outside the ‘Reference Area’ and overflying a measured State; Figure 2 for the example of a domestic flight within a measured State):

The part of the flight which is within the reference area (segment OD). If airports A and/or B are located within the reference area, the points O and/or D are placed on the airport reference point (ARP).
The part of the flight for which the State level indicator is computed (between points N and X). If points A and/or B (the airports) are located within the measured State, the points N and/or X are placed on the 40 NM circle (variant 1) around the airport reference point as shown in Figure 2, to exclude terminal route efficiency from the indicator.

Between points N and X, three quantities can be computed: the planned distance (length of flight plan trajectory), the local direct distance (great circle distance between N and X, not required for this indicator), and the contribution of the trajectory between N and X to the completion of the great circle distance between O and D. This contribution is called the “achieved distance”. The formula for computing this is based on four great circle distances interconnecting the points O, N, X and D: achieved distance = [(OX-ON)+(DN-DX)]/2.

When a given flight traverses multiple States, the sum of the planned distance in each State equals the total planned distance from O to D. Likewise the sum of all achieved distances equals the direct distance from O to D.

The extra distance for a portion NX of a given flight is the difference between the actual/flight planned distance and the achieved distance. The total extra distance observed within a measured area (e.g. a State) over a given time period is the sum of the planned distances across all traversing flights, minus the sum of the achieved distances across all traversing flights.

The KPI is computed as the total extra distance divided by total achieved distance, expressed as a percentage.

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